System and method for account reconciliation

ABSTRACT

An account reconciliation system having a particular usefulness in the reconciliation of centrally billed accounts and more specifically, in the reconciliation of centrally billed accounts in the travel industry is provided. The system and methods of the present invention expand on the traditional match/non-match techniques and provide complete transaction management for every item on a client&#39;s account. In another sense, reconciliation is redefined to include each and every transaction on an account regardless of it&#39;s reconciliation status, i.e., matched, unresolved, pending, etc. Consequently, the present invention reconciles the client&#39;s account to the account balance.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present application is a divisional, that claims the benefit of, andpriority to, U.S. Ser. No. 09/943,438 filed Aug. 27, 2001, whichapplication claims the benefit of, and priority to, U.S. ProvisionalPatent Application No. 60/228,236 filed Aug. 25, 2000, the entirecontents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

FIELD OF INVENTION

The invention relates generally to account reconciliation and, inparticular, to travel “central bill” account reconciliation. Morespecifically, the invention relates to a system and method foridentifying transactions on a centrally billed travel account andreconciling to the account balance.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Central billing is a common accounting practice often used by largeemployee-based companies. In general, central billing typically occurswhen a card vendor assigns a common account billing number that can beused by multiple employees or authorized personnel to charge authorizeditems to the company. The company usually receives a single bill at theend of the billing cycle for all its employees' charges.

In the travel industry, central billing is especially popular and aservice offered by most card vendors. As an example, Company A mayrequest a charge card company to assign a Company account number to beused for all of Company A's charged airline tickets or other travelrelated charges. In this manner, when an authorized person from CompanyA requests a ticket from Company A's travel agency, the charges will beautomatically placed on the Company account instead of the individual'saccount. Charges throughout a specified billing cycle, e.g., monthly,accrue on the Company's account number for numerous employees andtickets. At the end of the billing cycle, a single bill for all thecharges made using the Company account number as the form of payment isusually remitted to the Company for payment. Most companies enjoy thesimplicity of receiving one bill for payment at the end of each billingcycle instead of having literally hundreds of individual bills remittedto their travelers.

Central billing, however, creates numerous problems in the area ofaccount reconciliation. Often times the bill recipient, e.g., Company A,includes in its contract with its travel vendor the non-trivialrequirement to reconcile the monthly statements issued by its cardvendor for its centrally billed account(s): i.e., identify each chargeand credit on each account, calculate the total amount of the chargesdetermined to be correct and ready to be paid, and properly applyapplicable rebates and fees. In addition, the central billingreconciliation process often escalates as the volume of individual itemson each account increases.

The traditional account reconciliation process for centrally billedaccounts is a “match/non-match” approach. Continuing with the aboveexample, the travel agency typically receives an electronic copy of thecard statement listing all the travel transactions (charges and credits)billed during the cycle. The travel agency conducts a one-time matchagainst Company A's charges and Company A's travel records typicallybased on a ticket number and creates a list of matched items and a listof unmatched items. Matched items are subsequently forwarded to theCompany on a report, which includes the identifying accountinginformation, such as the travel authorization number, employee ID,project code, or the like captured in the employees' original travelrecords.

The unmatched items, which include any charge records that do not havecorresponding travel records, e.g., tickets that were voided after theday of issue, modifications to tickets made at the airport, and dataentry errors (e.g., misspellings), remain unidentified. Typically,companies refuse to pay for unmatched items because many times thecompany is unable to establish a proper explanation of the charge, e.g.,which employee charged the travel ticket. The bill reconciler must thenresearch each unmatched item in order to explain the charge and resubmitfor payment. In a voluminous industry, such as the travel/ticketindustry, this research process is cumbersome and very time consuming.In addition, it is often the case that the reconciler is simply unableto identify the item when the airline provides incomplete data. Thus,the unmatched item is left unpaid and eventually becomes a write-off forthe card vendor.

Most credit card companies have moved to electronic credit cardprocessing which often further complicates central bill accountreconciliation. For example, if an authorized employee from Company Apurchases a travel ticket from the travel agency on Monday using thecentrally billed card account, the card charge is processedelectronically and nearly immediately by the card company. So onTuesday, Company A's travel company shows the record of the ticketissued and its charge card company shows receipt of the charge record.At the end of each week, travel agencies submit reports of ticket salesto the airlines through the Airline Reporting Corporation (ARC). ARCoversees settlement processing for all airlines and charge card vendorsto include an accounting of the number of tickets issued and dollarscharged. Until Friday of each week, the travel agency has theopportunity to void the travel record/ticket from Company A's ARC reportas if it never existed; however, it cannot similarly void thetransaction on the Company's central bill account. If the travel agencyvoids Company A's ticket on Thursday, for example, the charge on theCompany's credit card account, which has already been processed, willremain. At the end of the week, when the travel agency submits its salesreport to ARC, ARC sees that a ticket has been voided and generates acorrecting credit to the Company's central bill account for the voidedticket. When these transactions appear on the Company's account, theyare unmatched items. In other words, a charge record for Company A ispresented for matching to a ticket record for a ticket that was issuedin week one, but which no longer exists. The credit for the voidedticket, which was generated by ARC in week two, is also presented withno matching charge record. In the event that these transactions takeplace within the established billing cycle of Company A, a chance existsthat these debit and credit transactions will appear together on thesame month's central bill account. However, in about at leasttwenty-five percent of the cases, the debit and credit will not appearon the same monthly statement, thus further complicating thereconciliation process.

Additionally, many credit card vendors, like American Express® andDiners Club®, do not permit “carry-over” balances and all charges duringthe billing cycle are due upon receipt of the bill. In this sense, theCompany is asked to pay all the transactions on their account, whetheror not a reconciled match is made for each one. Thus, if the debits andcredits do not appear in the same cycle, the company may be billed foran item which has been voided, returned, or otherwise not received. Manytimes, this “overbilling” results in a charge dispute. Therefore, whiletraditional reconciliation processes generally match a high percentageof the items, this approach is still inadequate. Even a small percentageof unmatched items can equate to a large number of unmatched andunresolved entries that must be researched and corrected.

A system and method for account reconciliation that includes atraditional matching technique to identify and resolve matched items, aswell as a tracking, research and correction technique to identify andresolve the unmatched items is needed. Moreover, a system and method foraccount reconciliation that identifies, tracks and reconciles pendingtransactions to the account balance, including all accounting itemswhether matched or unmatched, is needed.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides an improved system and method for accountreconciliation that expands and builds on traditional matchingtechniques. In particular, the present invention provides an accountreconciliation system and technique to reconcile each entry on anaccount, irrespective of whether the item is a matched or unmatchedentry.

The system includes a client side and a server side with a communicationchannel that joins the sides together and includes an accountingdatabase capable of receiving and storing data relating to an account. Asoftware program may also be included that includes programming toautomatically match the received data and automatically compile thematched data and remaining unmatched data. A user is permitted to viewthe unmatched data and direct the system to search the database andaccept a match. A user is also permitted to edit the unmatched data. Thesystem further includes programming to generate a reconciliation reportcomprising a verification that the account is reconciled to the accountbalance.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

These and other features, aspects and advantages of the presentinvention may be best understood by reference to the followingdescription taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in whichlike numerals represent like elements:

FIG. 1 a is an exemplary diagram of a computer-based architecture thatcan be used to implement an account reconciliation system of the presentinvention;

FIG. 1 b is an exemplary top level block diagram illustrating anenvironment in which an account reconciliation system can function andoperate according to one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is an exemplary flowchart describing one embodiment for accountreconciliation in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 3 is an exemplary flowchart describing one embodiment of thepresent invention for refund management;

FIG. 4 is an exemplary flowchart describing one embodiment of thepresent invention for matching transactions;

FIG. 5 is an exemplary flowchart describing one embodiment of thepresent invention for washing out transactions;

FIGS. 6 a and 6 b are exemplary flowcharts each describing oneembodiment of the present invention for unresolved transactionmanagement;

FIG. 7 is an exemplary flowchart describing one embodiment of thepresent invention for report generation; and

FIG. 8 is an exemplary screen shot of a Summary Reconciliation Reportavailable to a user in accordance with the system and methods of thepresent invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS

The present invention provides an improved system and method for accountreconciliation having particular usefulness in the reconciliation ofcentrally billed accounts. Although the system and methods disclosedherein may be suitable for reconciliation of centrally billed accountsin a variety of applications, the present invention is convenientlydescribed with reference to the travel industry, and more particularlyto account reconciliation of travel records and charge records. Inaddition, reference is made throughout to the travel ticket industry;however, it should be recognized that the present invention has equalapplication to various other industries within the travel agencies'domain, such as lodging and rental car account reconciliation andoutside of the travel domain, such as office supplies, computer accessand/or expenses that could be consolidated into centrally billedaccounts.

In general, the present invention expands the traditionalmatch/non-match technique for account reconciliation. In other words,simply matching debits to credits in the traditional approach routinelyreconciles the majority of the items on an account, and hence, thetraditional approach is maintained in the initial steps of the presentinvention. The present invention then goes beyond simply identifyingmatched and unmatched items and provides complete management of everyitem on an account. In another sense, the present invention reconcilesthe entire account balance through management of each item on theaccount regardless of its reconciliation status.

The present invention redefines the traditional approach of determiningwhen an item is ready for payment by recognizing that clients generallypay according to their own definitions of a “match”. Traditionalapproaches generally do not sufficiently consider the quality of dataused to determine a match. Often times what appears to match may notmeet the stricter reconciliation requirements set by the client. Thepresent invention permits flexibility in the reconciliation processaccording to each client's criteria, such as, for example, accountingcriteria. Clients can also set guidelines to indicate when theirreconciliation requirements are met, to indicate that they are willingto remit payment. In other words, one client may be satisfied that anitem is ready for payment under certain conditions which are quitedifferent from the conditions established by another client.

The system and method of the present invention identifies most theproblems that keep entities from paying and provides a solution andopportunity to correct them, by tracking each one until it issufficiently resolved, i.e., reconciling the account balance. Thistechnique ultimately results in resolution of all of the account items,because unmatched items are not forgotten, as with traditionaltechniques, but are instead tracked until each item is removed from theoutstanding account balance. By tracking and managing each item on aclient's centrally billed card account, the reconciler and the clientare ensured that ultimately all the items on the account will beresolved. Reconciliation to the account balance (i.e., the tracking ofall open items on the account) results in less write-offs due tononpayment of unreconciled account balances, and the research andcorrection of unmatched transactions results in a simpler billreconciliation process with less margin for dispute. One skilled in theart will appreciate that resolution of “all” the account items mayinclude various tolerance levels for resolutions or predeterminednumbers or levels of matched items implemented by the system and/orrequested by the client.

Account Reconciliation System

Exemplary system components are provided below to facilitateunderstanding of the invention and its best mode. It should berecognized that various other components may be used without departingfrom the spirit of the invention as intended. For the sake of brevity,conventional techniques for signal processing, data transmission,signaling and network control, and other functional aspects of thesystems (and components of the individual operating components of thesystems) may not be described in detail herein. Furthermore, theconnecting lines shown in the various figures contained herein areintended to represent exemplary functional relationships and/or physicalcouplings between the various elements. It should be noted that manyalternative or additional functional relationships or physicalconnections may be present in a practical network communications system.

FIG. 1 a is a simplified diagram illustrating an exemplarycomputer-based architecture 10 that can be used to implement the accountreconciliation system in accordance with the present invention. Theaccount reconciliation system may be implemented in a commonly knownclient/server architecture having a client side 12, 13 and a server side17. The client side 12, 13 typically includes a computing device thatincludes, in one embodiment, a display and input means such as akeyboard, mouse, kiosk, personal digital assistant, handheld computer,portable computer and/or cellular phone. As illustrated in the presentexample, client 12 is a portable computer and client 13 is a personalcomputer. It should be realized that two clients are illustrated forexemplary purposes only and that any number of clients may be includedin the architecture. The client typically includes an operating system(e.g., a version of Windows (Windows NT, Windows 98/2000/Millenium)), aswell as various conventional support software and drivers typicallyassociated with computers, computing devices, and the like. For example,the client side generally includes a modem (e.g., 56K baud) 14, 15 forfacilitating access to a network.

The server side 17 may broadly include a server 18, a systemadministrator 19, and a modem pool 20, electrically linked together.Modem pool 20 send electrical signals to server 18 and is used totransceive electrical signals from the client modems 14, 15. The modempool 20 may provide some protocol conversion to optimize modemperformance, eliminate handoff retrain, and provide precise setting oftransmit levels. The server side 17 typically includes a computingdevice having a processor for processing digital data, a memory coupledto the processor for storing digital data, an input digitizer coupled tothe processor for inputting digital data, and an application programstored in the processor. Server 18 may be implemented as any suitableprocessing server, in an exemplary embodiment, including tables,objects, triggers, and stored procedures. For example, a Microsoft® SQL6.5 Server database has been successfully utilized as server 18.

As will be appreciated, system administrator 19 includes a computingdevice that preferably includes a display and input means such as akeyboard, mouse, kiosk, personal digital assistant, handheld computer,portable computer and/or cellular phone to facilitate communicationswith server 18. System administrator 19 further preferably includes asuitable operating system stored thereon, e.g., Microsoft® NTWorkstation. System administrator 19 suitably receives data which isloaded onto one or more databases of server 17. For example, withrespect to one particular application relating to the travel industry,travel data 21, card data 22, and third party data 23 are electronicallyloaded and stored in server 17. Third party data 23 may or may not beincluded in the system and generally includes travel and card data fromvendors not associated with travel data 21 and card data 22. Forexample, in one specific embodiment, American Express® travel data,American Express® card data, and non-American Express (third party) cardand travel data may be electronically received and stored in the server.

FIG. 1 b is a top level block diagram illustrating an environment inwhich an account reconciliation system in accordance with the presentinvention can function and operate. The account reconciliation system(hereinafter, referred to as the “system”) 110 includes a front end(client) 102 and a back end (server) 107. As those skilled in the artwill appreciate, the front end 102 typically includes a computer,computing device, or the like. The back end 107 typically includes aserver, such as a host server or other computing system, and a pluralityof databases.

In an exemplary embodiment, system 110 includes one or more relationaldatabases, which reside in a data storage medium. Travel or merchantdata 112 and financial (card) data 114 are included in the relationaldatabases for each client. One skilled in the art will also appreciatethat, for security reasons, any databases, systems or components of thepresent invention may consist of any combination of databases orcomponents at a single location or at multiple locations, wherein eachdatabase or system includes any of various suitable security features,such as firewalls, access codes, encryption, de-encryption, compression,decompression, and/or the like. Database may be any type of database,such as relational, hierarchical, object-oriented, and/or the like.Common database products that may be used to implement the databasesinclude DB2 by IBM (White Plains, N.Y.), any of the database productsavailable from Oracle Corporation (Redwood Shores, Calif.), MicrosoftAccess by Microsoft Corporation (Redmond, Wash.), or any other databaseproduct. Database may be organized in any suitable manner, including asdata tables or lookup tables. Association of certain data may beaccomplished through any data association technique known and practicedin the art. For example, the association may be accomplished eithermanually or automatically. Automatic association techniques may include,for example, a database search, a database merge, GREP, AGREP, SQL,and/or the like. The association step may be accomplished by a databasemerge function, for example, using a “key field” in each of themanufacturer and retailer data tables. A “key field” partitions thedatabase according to the high-level class of objects defined by the keyfield. For example, a certain class may be designated as a key field inboth the first data table and the second data table, and the two datatables may then be merged on the basis of the class data in the keyfield. In this embodiment, the data corresponding to the key field ineach of the merged data tables is preferably the same. However, datatables having similar, though not identical, data in the key fields mayalso be merged by using AGREP, for example.

Communication between the front end and back end is accomplished throughany suitable communications network 105 for exchanging data ortransacting business such as, a telephone network, intranet, Internet,extranet, WAN, LAN, satellite communications, point of interactiondevice, online communications, off-line communications, wirelesscommunications, and the like.

In one particular application, the system is implemented as anInternet-based application having a front end, a back end, a web browserand web pages. The computer may provide a suitable website or otherInternet-based graphical user interface which is accessible by users. Inone embodiment, the Internet Information Server, Microsoft TransactionServer, and Microsoft SQL Server, are used in conjunction with theMicrosoft operating system, Microsoft NT web server software, aMicrosoft SQL database system, and a Microsoft Commerce Server.Additionally, components such as Access Sequel Server, Oracle, MySQL,Intervase, etc., may be used to provide an ADO-compliant databasemanagement system. The term “web page” as it is used herein is not meantto limit the type of documents and applications that might be used tointeract with the user. For example, a typical website might include, inaddition to standard HTML documents, various forms, Java applets,Javascript, active server pages (ASP), common gateway interface scripts(CGI), extensible markup language (XML), dynamic HTML, cascading stylesheets (CSS), helper applications, plug-ins, and the like.

As previously stated, the present invention has a particular applicationto the travel agency industry. In general, a computer reservation system(CRS) 118 or global distribution system (GDS) (e.g., at the travelagency) captures the travel and charge data in a travel reservation. TheCRS issues the travel ticket and forwards travel records 116 to asuitable storage or accounting system. In a similar manner, the CRSnotifies the charge card vendor 120 that a travel purchase is made onthe traveler's credit card. The CRS, or travel agency, submits theweekly report of tickets issued and dollars charged to ARC 122.

The client's card vendor 120 issues a periodic card statement to theclient which includes all of the charges incurred on the client's chargeaccount during the billing period. The present system is configured towork in conjunction with the client's charge account statement andprovide an identification or accounting of each item on the statement(as it relates to the travel data). In this sense, the client's traveland card transactions are loaded into an accounting database of system110. The system includes receipt of travel-related data (suitably storedin a travel database by the Company's travel or merchant vendor) from astored travel record 116 and receipt of charge-related data (suitablystored in the charge card vendor's expense database) from a charge cardvendor 120. In some instances, the travel and card vendors' databasesmay be networked to the accounting database of system 110, such as whenthe travel vendor and the card vendor are within the same corporateentity and stored on a back office accounting or billing system (e.g.,American Express® Card Services and American Express® Travel RelatedServices); however, under most circumstances, data from the travel andcard databases is remotely received, such as via a communicationschannel in an electronic format.

The present system and method includes various functions to reconcilethe client's account to the account balance. Each function may be alogic routine within a suitable computer program stored in theaccounting database of system 110 or in a computer program stored on theclient workstation 102. It should be appreciated that the followingbrief description of the system and methods of the present invention areprovided merely as representative of exemplary routines and therefore,all or some of the following functions and their corresponding blockrepresentations may be present, combined or modified as needed in aparticular application.

With continued reference to FIG. 1 b, the present invention builds onthe traditional techniques of matching travel records with chargerecords. The system considers each transaction on the client's cardstatement and searches the database for a corresponding traveltransaction. If the matching ticket number is found in the travel data,the system verifies that the remaining basic matching criteria are metand the match is confirmed. An optional second verification may also beperformed to confirm the presence of any additional client-definedaccounting data elements as required by the client. Transactions thatmeet all the criteria are ready to be processed for payment and moved toan “Approved Items” list 111. Used herein, “list” may include anysuitable means for processing, collecting, sorting, storing, retrieving,and the like, a group of processed data.

Transactions that fail any of the basic matching criteria duringauto-reconciliation (with the exception of transactions that are washedout, as described in detail below) are moved to an “UnresolvedTransactions” list 115. It should be noted that “moved” may refer to anelectronic movement of data from one list or data table to another, oralternatively, may refer to maintaining or establishing a data link. Onthe Unresolved Transactions list, each item on the list is trackedthrough to correction. The system includes, in an exemplary embodiment,a research tool to facilitate the research and correction of pendingitems. The research tool displays all the details of the cardtransaction (from the database) and allows the user to specify criteriaby which to search for a matching transaction (also in the database).When a matching (or closely related) transaction is located, the toolfacilitates the correction of the card transaction and when complete,the corrected transaction is moved to the “Ready for Approval” list 113.

The Ready for Approval list 113 may be restricted to users with approvalauthority. A before-and-after picture of each transaction may bedisplayed to the user so that any edits made to the transactions may bereviewed. If the transaction is approved, the system moves the item fromthe Ready for Approval list 113 to the Approved Items list 111.Transactions that are not approved are moved back to the UnresolvedTransactions list 115.

A Billed Transaction Report 117 is created of all charges that are ready(approved) to process for payment and includes all the transactions onthe Approved Items list 111. A Summary Reconciliation Report 121automatically reconciles account activity to the card account balance.The system reads the beginning balance amount from the card statement,adds in the current month's activity (debits less credits per themonthly billing statement), subtracts payments received, and subtractspayments expected (i.e., totals from pending Billed TransactionReports). The difference is the amount of the unresolved transactions.To verify the reconciliation, the total of the transactions in theUnresolved Transactions list 115 is retrieved and displayed on Report121. When the two amounts (the difference from the card statement andthe Unresolved Transaction list) match, the account is in balance.

Additionally, if during auto-reconciliation the system identifies anoffsetting debit and credit for the same travel ticket, or if the systemfinds a credit which offsets a debit pending on the UnresolvedTransactions list, the system “washes out” the transactions. Offsettingdebits and credits are moved to a “Washed Out” list 119. This featurereduces the number of unmatched transactions that require research byidentifying unmatched credits that offset unmatched debits, e.g., fortickets which have been voided. In addition, the number of transactionsto process for payment is reduced by eliminating unnecessary entries onthe Billed Transaction Report.

The system may further include a Refund module 123. As tickets areturned in to the travel office for refund, the ticket information isentered into the module. The system may print out a receipt for thetraveler and then add the ticket to a refund log. The refund log can beused to facilitate the refund process. For example, the refund log mayprint out transmittal logs for tickets to be forwarded to the Company'stravel vendor for refund processing, or transmittal letters for ticketsto be forwarded to the airline for refund processing. When the creditsfor the refunds appear on subsequent billing statements, the systemupdates the refund log, e.g., with the date and amount of the creditreceived, as well as the status of each credit (included on a BilledTransaction Report; on the Washed Out list; or on the UnresolvedTransaction list).

Moreover, the system may include the ability to reconcile transactionfees charged by, for example, the travel vendor. Often times,commissions paid by the airlines to the travel vendors are rebated backto the client. The system calculates the amount of the rebate due to theclient for each ticket issued and subtracts the amount from the client'sBilled Transaction Report. This amount can then be paid by the travelvendor directly to the card company. In this manner, clients are notrequired to reconcile and process rebate payments separately.

As briefly discussed, the system and methods of the present inventionreconcile to an account balance by tracking all open items on theaccount through the reconciliation process until they are paid by theclient or “washed-out” (clear themselves). Moreover, the systemfacilitates the research and correction of unmatched transactions,tracks pending refunds, and reconciles transaction fees. In addition tothe above briefly described features, there are various other featuresand options of the present invention which will become apparent from thefollowing description and referenced flowcharts.

Account Reconciliation Exemplary Flowchart

The various operations of the present invention will now be discussed tofurther facilitate understanding of the invention and its best mode. Itshould be appreciated that the particular implementations shown anddescribed are illustrative of embodiments of the invention (includingits best mode) and are not intended to limit the scope of the presentinvention in any way.

FIG. 2 is a flowchart 200 describing an exemplary embodiment for accountreconciliation for a given cycle (e.g., monthly) in accordance with thepresent invention. For ease of understanding, flowchart 200 (as well asany conjoining flowchart) is conveniently illustrated and described inconnection with a particular industry, i.e., the travel agency industry.Therefore, reference is made herein to travel-related topics, modules,routines, and the like.

As is common in the travel industry, travel plans are often changedand/or canceled altogether. Travel tickets may get voided, returned orbe otherwise unused. The present invention includes management of allitems on an account, including voided or unused items. In this manner, arefund log, suitably stored on a Refund module of the system, issystematically updated with information pertaining to tickets returnedfor refund (step 201). The Refund module is described in more detailbelow in FIG. 3.

As previously mentioned, the system includes an accounting databaseconfigured to, among other functions, receive and store travel-relateddata and card-related data (i.e., charges) for each specific account(step 202). The travel and card data may be received from variousdatabases within the system or, in many cases, from outside the system.

The reconciliation process generally begins with an auto-reconciliationprocess whereby for each charge transaction listed on the account, thesystem searches the travel-related data for a corresponding match (step204). In one embodiment of the present invention, the matching processoccurs over several individual steps which will described in more detailbelow in FIG. 4. Matched items (as defined by the matching criteria) areautomatically moved to an Approved Items list (step 205). The ApprovedItems list holds (stores) all approved transactions until the systemgenerates the accounting statements and/or reports. Because theaccounting database pulls together many different functions and modules,and has access to a variety of data tables within itself, it is oftenthe case that during auto-reconciliation, offsetting debits and creditsthat sum to zero are matched. These “washed out” transactions (i.e., addto zero) may not be forwarded to the client on a statement or reportsince there is no payment or credit due. Rather, the washed outtransactions may be are moved to a Washed Out List (step 206). TheWashed Out list is described in more detail below in FIG. 5.

Travel and card transactions that do not meet the established matchingcriteria and do not “wash out” are moved to the Unresolved Transactionslist (step 210). In this manner, unmatched or unresolved items aretracked and researched until they are reconciled, i.e., identified andcorrected (step 212). Many times, a minor data entry error ormisspelling triggers an unresolved item, e.g., incorrect ticket numberon card statement. In one embodiment, authorized users may edit theerred data to correct unmatched items. The corrected item, i.e., travelentry, can now be matched with a corresponding charge entry. In thisparticular embodiment, the corrected item is moved, in an exemplaryembodiment, to a Ready for Approval list and approved by the same oranother authorized user (step 214). The particular features of theUnresolved Transactions list and Ready for Approval list are describedin more detail below in FIGS. 6 a and 6 b.

In general, the remaining steps of the system include reports generationand will be described in greater detail below in FIG. 7. The systemcreates a Billed Transaction Report (“BTR”) for the amount of all thecharges that are ready to process for payment from the Approved Itemslist (step 216). The Payment Reconciliation Module is updated with thetotal of the BTR or, in other words, the amount of payment expected fromthe client (step 218). The system suitably generates a SummaryReconciliation Report that expresses the reconciliation to the accountbalance (step 220). The account balance, as previously explained,includes, for example, all the activity on the account such as the priorbilling cycle's outstanding balance, current cycle's activity, paymentsreceived, payments expected (BTR totals), and the total of thetransactions in the Unresolved Transactions list. Lastly, as paymentsare received from the client, the Payment Reconciliation Module isupdated and expected payments (BTR totals) are reconciled with theamounts received (step 222).

Refund Module Exemplary Flowchart

FIG. 3 is a flowchart 300 describing one embodiment for implementing anexemplary Refund Module in accordance with the present invention (i.e.,step 201). FIG. 3 and the accompanying description further demonstrate,for example, that the system can operate as a complete refund managementsystem. As travelers return unused coupons and/or tickets for refund,data specific to each item returned for refund, such as travel tickets,may be manually entered or electronically downloaded to the RefundModule (step 302). In one specific embodiment, the system generates areceipt for the client/traveler with complete details of the ticketwhich has been returned. The system updates the Refund Log with thedetails of each item and maintains a list of the returned tickets (step304). In this manner, the Log may be viewed at any time to check thestatus of a pending returned item. This technique also helps to ensurethat returned items are not forgotten after a long passage of time. Infact, until the offsetting credit is received or an authorized userapproves the removal of the item, the pending returned item, in anexemplary embodiment, remains on the Log.

In a specific embodiment, the system generates a transmittal log and/orletter for use in forwarding returned items for refund processing (step306). For example, a transmittal log may be periodically generatedindicating newly received returned items, or a changed status of apending item, etc. In yet another embodiment, the system may generate anappropriate letter indicating the tickets that are to be returned to aparticular airline, or the like, for refund processing. If a ticket isreturned to an airline, or a letter is mailed out, the Refund Log isautomatically updated to reflect, for example, where, when and to whomtickets and/or letters were sent (step 308).

Refunds for the returned items may be received from the airline directlyand appear as credits in the client's card data. In some instances,auto-reconciliation will identify the information received relating tothe credit (e.g., ticket number) and automatically match the offsettingcredit with the pending returned item. Once the match is made(regardless of the manner), the Refund Log is automatically updated withthe particular information of the credit, such as the date and theamount of the credit received, as well as the status of each credit(i.e., credit washed out against a pending debit on the UnresolvedTransactions list; credit moved to the Unresolved Transactions list;credit included on a Billed Transaction Report) (step 310). In onespecific embodiment, the user may specify an age for pending refunds(i.e., 30 days) and the system automatically causes the generation of afollow-up letter(s) or reminder(s) to the airline(s) to check on thestatus of any refunds not yet received (step 312). Lastly, the RefundModule may include a reporting function which generates activity reportsfor monitoring and managing the refund process (step 314).

Matching Exemplary Flowchart

FIG. 4 is a flowchart 400 describing one embodiment for implementing anexemplary matching process in accordance with the present invention(i.e., step 204). It should be noted that used herein, “matchingcriteria” includes one or more factors which determine whether a matchis present. In this manner, the system does not make assumptions onitems that are “nearly matched”, but rather, during auto-reconciliationthe system considers whether all the factors are met and if so, a matchis made. The matching criteria may include, for example, “basic”matching criteria that determines a high level match, and “specific”data capture criteria that further determines if the matched items areripe for payment. For example, the basic matching criteria may benon-negotiable by the client, while specific matching criteria mayinclude client factors that are specific to a particular client, anddefined by the client. In this manner, the client is able to setparameters for the user that define when the client perceives the itemto be ripe for payment. This additional criteria helps to reduce thenumber of charge disputes and client complaints. Moreover, the systemreliably moves items to the Approved items list only after all thematching and data capture criteria (if any) are met and thus, providingenhanced confidence for the user and the client.

In one specific embodiment, the matching criteria may include a matchingtolerance. For example, because the system is, in an exemplaryembodiment, configured to provide accurate and absolute matches, oftentimes a minor error such as a $0.01 difference between the travel andcharge transactions will prevent a match. As such, the system includes adollar matching tolerance that will allow the system to override thestrict matching criteria and make a match. In the above example, aclient may approve specific matching criteria of $0.99 dollar tolerance.Alternatively, the user, e.g., travel agency, may include a dollartolerance to automatically adjust and write off small differences tofacilitate a match and payment processing. It should be noted that evenif a matching tolerance is included, the system, in an exemplaryembodiment, adheres to the predetermined matching criteria. In thepresent example, the matching criteria allows the system to make a matchbetween transactions that do not have an exact dollar match.

In one specific embodiment, the system considers each charge or cardtransaction and identifies one or more high level basic matchingcriteria to find a match (step 402). A search of travel-related data isperformed to find a matching transaction (step 404) by identifying amatch of the first basic matching criteria. When a record with thematching criteria is found in the travel data (step 406), the match isthen confirmed (step 408). Confirmation further ensures that the matchis valid by verifying that the remaining basic matching criteria aremet. If no match is found (step 407) or the match cannot be confirmed(step 409), then the transaction is moved to the Unresolved Transactionslist.

In one embodiment, the basic matching criteria includes four factors,i.e., passenger name, ticket number, card number, and dollar amount. Thesystem searches for a matching ticket number and then verifies that theother three criteria match. If, for example, the passenger name, ticketnumber, and card number match, but the dollar amount is different, thenthe system will not match the card and travel transactions. Even thoughthe ticket was used by the listed passenger, the passenger may haverefunded part or all of the travel ticket at the airport and thus, thedollar amounts do not match.

Once the match is initially confirmed (all of the basic matchingcriteria is met) the system continues the auto-reconciliation process byverifying the presence of the specific data criteria, if any (step 410).The specific data criteria is the client defined data. The system allowsthe individual client to develop parameters for the user to follow oncethe basic matching criteria have been met. The client's parameters orfactors, may be more or less strict than the basic criteria, however, itis preferable that the basic criteria not be adjusted or waived.Examples of client-specific data may include employee I.D., projectcode, department code, or travel authorization number; however, itshould be appreciated that this criteria may be defined by the clientand thus varies from application to application. In some instances orwith some clients, there may not be any specific client defined data. Inthese cases, the transaction is automatically moved to the ApprovedItems list for payment processing (step 414).

If the system confirms the presence of all the specific client defineddata (step 412) and the basic matching criteria is, in an exemplaryembodiment, already verified, then the transactions are ready to beprocessed for payment and are automatically moved to the Approved Itemslist (step 414). Transactions that fail any of the matching criteria aremoved to the Unresolved Transactions list so that they can be researchedand corrected (step 413).

Washout Exemplary Flowchart

FIG. 5 is a flowchart 500 describing one embodiment for implementing anexemplary washout process in accordance with the present invention(i.e., step 206). Used herein, “wash out” includes a process duringauto-reconciliation that results in offsetting debits and credits beingautomatically matched. In other words, if the system identifies a debitand a credit for the same travel transaction that sum to zero, thesystem recognizes that these two items are a match and may move them tothe Washed Out list. It is not necessary to further process or reconcileeither of the washed out card or travel transactions because, althoughthere may have been a debit charge for the travel at one time, anoffsetting credit has been received to clear the transaction.

As previously mentioned, both the card and travel data flows into theaccounting database and occasionally a credit and a debit for the sametravel transaction appear during the same processing cycle. Duringauto-reconciliation, the system searches the card transactions whichhave been loaded into the accounting database (but not yet included on aBilled Transaction Report) for transactions where a debit and a credithave been received for the same ticket number (step 502). In oneembodiment, to qualify as a washout, the credit and debit completelyoffset (the summation is zero); therefore, the system queries whetherthis has occurred (step 504). If the credit and debit do not sum tozero, then typically no match is made and the credit and debittransactions are moved to the Unresolved Transactions list for researchand correction (step 508).

Once the system verifies that the credit and debit completely offseteach other for a single ticket number (or other identifying factor), thesystem may automatically move the credit and the debit transactions tothe Washed Out list (step 506). It should be noted, that in oneparticular embodiment, the client may choose not to use the Washed Outfeature and thus in this situation the transactions would not move to aWashed Out list, but would move to the Approved Items list or theUnresolved Transactions list. Similar to the matching processes withinthe system, the wash out process does not make assumptions or “nearmatches”. The Washed Out List contains, in one embodiment, transactionsthat no longer require processing so the placement or storage oftransactions here must be accurate.

Another example of the wash out process occurs when the credit and debitdo not appear within the same cycle. For example, when the accountingdatabase receives the charge-related data, there may be a chargecorresponding to a voided ticket. The auto-reconciliation process isunable to match the charge with a corresponding travel transactionbecause the ticket was voided and therefore no record of the traveltransaction was ever loaded into the accounting database. Hence, thecharge entry is an unmatched item and moved to the UnresolvedTransaction list. At a later time, the offsetting credit for the voidedticket charge may be loaded into the accounting database and duringsubsequent auto-reconciliation processes, the system recognizes that thecredit corresponds to an item on the Unresolved Items list (step 510).As in the previous description, the system queries whether the creditand debit sum to zero (step 504) and if so, may move the transactions tothe Washed Out list (step 506). If the sum is not zero, then the credittransaction is also moved to the Unresolved Transactions list (step508).

Unresolved Transactions Exemplary Flowchart

FIGS. 6 a and 6 b are a flowchart 600 describing one embodiment forimplementing an exemplary unresolved transaction process in accordancewith the present invention (i.e., steps 210-214). The UnresolvedTransactions list further demonstrates that the system is a managementtool that reconciles to the entire account balance. In this sense,unmatched or otherwise unresolved transactions are moved to theUnresolved Transactions list to be researched and corrected.

Items that do not wash out and fail to meet one or more of the autoreconciliation criteria are moved to the Unresolved Transactions list.Each item on the list is monitored, researched and corrected byauthorized users of the system. As previously described, the system is,in an exemplary embodiment, not configured to process “near matches” ormake assumptions on the quality of the data. Rather, the system, in anexemplary embodiment, identifies absolute matches and the user andclient have little or no room to question the accuracy of thetransactions which have been automatically approved.

To maintain the integrity of the system, in an exemplary embodiment, thesystem is incapable of approving card and travel transactions if thereis even a minor data entry error. For example, a passenger's namemisspelled on a charge may preclude the system from approving thetransaction which does not match the name on the related travel record.In one specific embodiment, the system permits authorized users to viewthe unresolved transactions (step 602). Authorized users (step 604) maybe permitted to make edits to the unresolved transaction (step 606) andforward the edited transaction to the Ready for Approval list (step609).

In another embodiment, the user accesses a research tool created tofacilitate the correction of pending unresolved items (step 608). Thetool causes the display of all the details of the pending item, e.g., acard transaction, and allows the user to specify criteria to search fora matching transaction, e.g., a travel transaction (step 610). The toolmay offer suggested search criteria or default criteria. In thisspecific embodiment, the user may override the strict matching criteriaset by the system and thus the system can search for exact or near-exactcorresponding matching transactions (step 612) (i.e., near-matches). Thesystem tool displays the located transactions and allows the user tochoose the correct match (step 614). When the match and/or correction iscomplete (step 616), the system moves the items to the Ready forApproval list (step 609).

In yet another embodiment, the user is permitted to research items whichpartially match. For example, assume that a ticket is issued and acorresponding charge is made for $420.00. At the airport, the passengeris informed that his next flight has been cancelled, e.g., due to badweather, and the airline issues a partial credit in the amount of$120.00. The traveler returns and informs Company A that he did nottravel and thus Company A refuses to pay the original ticket charge inthe amount of $420.00. The charge of $420.00 is moved to the UnresolvedItems list. When the credit for $120.00 is received, the system will notmatch the credit with the debit of $420.00 because the dollar amounts donot match. The credit of $120.00 will also be moved to the UnresolvedTransactions list. An authorized user viewing the UnresolvedTransactions list can easily recognize there are multiple cardtransactions (credit and debit) for the same ticket number and deducethat a partial credit was received. The user is allowed to apply thecredit against the debit and match the remaining balance with the traveltransaction. Again, the transaction is moved to the Ready for Approvallist pending approval and payment processing (step 609). This processensures that unmatched transactions are not forgotten or partial matchesare not improperly captured on a BTR, but rather, the client is properlybilled for the correct amount (e.g., in the above example, the clientwould be billed for $300.00 (the original debit less the receivedcredit)).

The Ready for Approval list provides a security measure to furthermaintain the integrity of the processes. In one specific embodiment,several tiers of approval authority may be installed to permit variedlevels of access. At one level, an authorized user may be granted accessto edit ticket numbers, passenger's names and dollar amounts, but willbe restricted access to approve the transaction and move it to theApproved Items list. Any change by a user may cause concern for creatingadditional errors. In this sense, a final approval made by a user with ahigher level of authority may be preferred.

On the Ready for Approval list, a transaction selected for approval isdisplayed to an authorized user (step 618). The system may query theauthority level of the user and restrict access if the authority levelrequired is not met (step 620). In one embodiment, the system may causethe display of a “before-and-after” picture of the corrected transactionfor the authorized approval user (step 622). In other words, the viewermay see the pre-edit or pre-matched transactions and the post-edit orpost-matched transactions. The approver can view the correction andverify the accuracy of the change, if any. In some cases, there may nothave been an edit to the transactions, but a billing amount that isdifferent than the travel invoice amount has been accepted by theauthorized user. If the approver agrees with the match or change (step624), the transaction is moved to the Approved Items list (step 626).If, however, the approver does not approve the transaction, the approvercan send the transaction back to the Unresolved Transactions list forfurther research and correction (step 625).

Reports Generation Exemplary Flowchart

FIG. 7 is a flowchart 700 describing one embodiment for implementing anexemplary reports generation process in accordance with the presentinvention (i.e., steps 216-222). It should be appreciated that variousitems may be summarized and generated into a desired report. Thedescription of reports provided herein are provided as examples and notintended to be limiting in any manner.

In one embodiment, the Approved Items list holds all the transactionsthat have met the matching criteria during auto-reconciliation, and allthe transactions that have been finally approved by an authorized user(i.e., FIGS. 6 a-6 b). From the Approved Items list, the systemautomatically captures all of the transactions that are ready to beprocessed for payment (step 702) and generates a Billed TransactionReport (“BTR”) (step 704). No further approval is typically requiredbecause each of the transactions have either met the predeterminedmatching criteria or have been finally approved. It should be realizedthat the Billed Transaction Report is generally not a billing statement,but rather, is used as a reconciliation tool for the client to identifyeach of the charges on its card statement (i.e., received from itscredit card company). In other words, the client typically receives abill from its credit card company for all charged transactions during agiven billing cycle. The Billed Transaction Report, and presentinvention in general, are designed to complement the client's currentbilling and payment methods by providing an identification of allcharges on the client's billing statement (i.e., reconciling to theaccount balance) that the client has specified are ripe for payment.

In one specific embodiment, the system prints a copy of the BilledTransaction Report during a given cycle for the client's review.Alternatively, the Billed Transaction Report may be provided to theclient in an electronic format, e.g., over a suitable communicationsnetwork. The client side may include suitable software to enable theBilled Transaction Report to be imported into the client's ownaccounting system.

In one specific embodiment, a Payment Reconciliation Module for theclient is updated to reflect the total amount of the current BilledTransaction Report (step 706). The Payment Reconciliation Module is anaccounting for the Billed Transaction Report. For example, the PaymentReconciliation Module may include an entry for the total of the BilledTransaction Report and an entry for the “open” amount remaining. Aspayments are received on the account (step 707), the open amountremaining is reduced by the amount of the payment. Ideally, the clientwill submit payment that equals the total of the Billed TransactionReport, however, this may not always be the case. For instance, theclient may have disputed a charge on the statement, and even on theBilled Transaction Report, and thus not submitted payment for thatcharge. The Payment Reconciliation Module tracks the amount of paymentsreceived from the client and identifies any remaining balance (openamounts) on the Billed Transaction Report (step 708). The user can thenmatch the remaining balance with a particular transaction on the BilledTransaction Report and determine which item was unpaid by the client(step 710). This transaction can then be removed from the BilledTransactions Report list and placed in the Unresolved Transactions listfor further research on why the transaction was not paid (step 711).

In another specific embodiment, a Summary Reconciliation Report for theclient's account automatically reconciles the activity on the client'saccount to the account balance (step 712). This operation is describedin more detail below. FIG. 8 illustrates an example of the SummaryReconciliation Report screen 800 a user (client side) will see. Thescreen 800 shows the user that the account (expressed in dollar amounts)is reconciled to the account balance. It should be appreciated thatvarious system operations, such as retrieving from a suitable storage,processing and formatting, may not be fully detailed for each of thefollowing entries on the Report; however, it should be recognized bythose of skill in the art, that these various operations, as well asothers, may be necessary to carryout the desired display. The systembegins with and displays the prior billing cycle's ending balance fromthe client's card statement 801. The current cycle's activity (newcharges and credits) 804 is then displayed and added to the endingbalance, along with any new fees 806 the client is to be responsiblefor. The dollar amounts of payments, if any, received on the account 808are subtracted from the balance.

Expected, or pending payments 810 are displayed on the screen 800. Theexpected payments include total amounts from the BTR(s) and morespecifically, from the Payment Reconciliation Module. For example, aspreviously mentioned, the Payment Reconciliation Module tracks the BTRsand any payments received on the account are applied against theoutstanding BTR balance. As illustrated on screen 800, there are twooutstanding BTRs remaining on the exemplary account: MAY BILL 807 andAPRIL BILL 809. Any payments applied to the BTRs 811 is displayed andthe remaining BTR total 810 is the expected payment. Because the BTRincludes only transactions on the Approved Items list, the systemconsiders the BTR total to be items ripe for payment and thusreconciled. In this sense, the BTR total 810 is subtracted from thebalance (at this point the balance equals 802+804+806−808).

The total dollar amount of all the pending transactions in theaccounting database 812 is then displayed. These transactions wereloaded into the database from the client's card statement, but have notundergone auto-reconciliation. Therefore, this dollar amount isaccounted for (albeit still pending) and subtracted from the remainingstatement balance. The totals of the Ready for Approval list 814 andApproved Items list 816 are then subtracted from the remaining balance.The ending balance 818 after all additions and subtractions is the finalremaining balance.

To verify the account is reconciled to the client's account balance, thetotal of the transactions pending on the Unresolved Transactions list820 is displayed. When the ending balance 818 and Unresolved Items 820amounts match, the account is in balance.

The present invention has been described above with reference toexemplary embodiments. However, those skilled in the art having readthis disclosure will recognize that changes and modifications may bemade to the embodiments without departing from the scope of the presentinvention. For example, while conveniently described in connection withthe travel industry, and in particular the travel agency industry, thepresent invention is not so limited. Rather, a variety of industriesdesiring an automated, efficient and cost-saving approach to accountreconciliation may benefit from the system and methods of the presentinvention as expressed in the following claims.

1. A method of travel account reconciliation comprising the steps of:storing a plurality of travel transactions in a database, each of saidtravel transactions comprising travel ticket information; storing aplurality of card transactions in said accounting database, each of saidcard transactions comprising travel charge information; searching saidtravel ticket information for a matching counterpart to said travelcharge information; automatically repeating said searching step for eachcard transaction; storing the travel transaction and the cardtransaction forming said matching counterpart on an approved list withinsaid database; in the event that there exists unmatched transactions,then said unmatched transactions are automatically stored on anunresolved transaction list within said database; compiling saidapproved list and said unresolved transactions list; and displaying areconciliation report comprising said compilation upon request.
 2. Themethod of claim 1 wherein said searching step comprises searching insaid accounting database to include on said unresolved transactions listof said database.
 3. The method of claim 1 further comprising the stepof storing said travel transaction and said card transaction formingsaid matching counterpart on a washed out list when the travel ticketinformation of said travel transaction includes a dollar amount and thetravel charge information of said card transaction includes an equal butoffsetting dollar amount.
 4. The method of claim 1 further comprisingthe step of storing travel transactions comprising refund information ona refund list of said database.